Large industrial facility Essay Example for Free

Large industrial facility Essay 1. Describe how the use of a tall smoke stack might improve air quality near a large industrial facility. Tall smoke stacks built 500 ft or taller can improve air quality for a large industrial facility, by â€Å"releasing air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides high into the atmosphere to help limit the impact† to the near by areas (Air, 2011, p. 2). The use of tall smoke stack is also believed to contribute to a wider spread of air pollutants. 2. How can topography contribute to pollution in a city or region? Topography and weather are big contributors to a city pollutions. Most cities are built in a valley and not on top of a mountain, which makes it hard for the air to circulate. This traps the pollution into an area resulting in a poor air quality. (Factors, n.d.) 3. From where do hurricanes derive their energy? What factors tend to weaken hurricanes? Would you expect a hurricane to weaken more quickly if it moved over land or over cooler water? â€Å"Hurricanes derive their energy from the warm, tropical oceans and by evaporating water from the oceans surface. Heat energy is converted to wind energy when the water vapor condenses and latent heat is released inside deep convective clouds† (Ahrens, 2014, p. 341). Hurricanes can weaken more quickly if it moves over cooler water, because they get their energy from warm tropical oceans. 4. Where is the Bermuda high located during the summer and fall? How might the path of a hurricane, moving toward the west from Africa, be affected by the Bermuda High as the hurricane approaches the United States? During the summer and fall the Bermuda high forms over the Atlantic Ocean. Hurricanes moving toward the west from Africa may increase its intensity as it approaches the United States. The Bermuda High â€Å"not only heats up summer-time temperatures in the East, but the Bermuda High can affect the  intensity of tropical storms and hurricanes† (Bermuda, 2013). 5. How do you think pollutants are removed from the atmosphere? Does this occur quickly or slowly? Pollutants in the atmosphere can be removed by trees and plants. The trees and plants absorb CO2 and other pollutants, then produce oxygen for the atmosphere. The removing of pollutants in the air is a slow progress and some pollutants never go away. Ahrens, C. D. (2014). Essentials of Meteorology: An Invitation to the Atmosphere, 7th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf version]. Retrieved from http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781305439733/id/ch11-L3-5 Air quality. (2011). GAO. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d11473.pdf Bermuda high is cause of most east coast summer heat. (2013) Weather Bug. Retrieved from http://weather.weatherbug.com/weather-news/weather-reports.html?story=8263 Factors affecting air quality. (n.d.) BC Air Quality. Retrieved from http://www.bcairquality.ca/101/air-quality-factors.html

thomas jefferson :: essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people’s ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg’s famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn ————————————————- What is hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)? Hemolytic disease of the newborn is also called erythroblastosis fetalis. This condition occurs when there is an incompatibility between the blood types of the mother and baby. * â€Å"Hemolytic† means breaking down of red blood cells * â€Å"Erythroblastosis† refers to making of immature red blood cells * â€Å"Fetalis† refers to fetus ————————————————- What causes hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?HDN most frequently occurs when an Rh negative mother has a baby with an Rh positive father. When the baby's Rh factor is positive, like the father's, problems can develop if the baby's red blood cells cross to the Rh negative mother. This usuall y happens at delivery when the placenta detaches. However, it may also happen anytime blood cells of the two circulations mix, such as during a miscarriage or abortion, with a fall, or during an invasive prenatal testing procedure (e. g. , an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling). The mother's immune system sees the baby's Rh positive red blood cells as â€Å"foreign. Just as when bacteria invade the body, the immune system responds by developing antibodies to fight and destroy these foreign cells. The mother's immune system then keeps the antibodies in case the foreign cells appear again, even in a future pregnancy. The mother is now â€Å"Rh sensitized. † In a first pregnancy, Rh sensitization is not likely. Usually, it only becomes a problem in a future pregnancy with another Rh positive baby. During that pregnancy, the mother's antibodies cross the placenta to fight the Rh positive cells in the baby's body.As the antibodies destroy the red blood cells, the baby can become sick. This is called erythroblastosis fetalis during pregnancy. In the newborn, the condition is called hemolytic disease of the newborn. ————————————————- Who is affected by hemolytic disease of the newborn? Babies affected by HDN are usually in a mother's second or higher pregnancy, after she has become sensitized with a first baby. HDN due to Rh incompatibility is about three times more likely in Caucasian babies than African-American babies. ———————————————— Why is hemolytic disease of the newborn a concern? When the mother's antibodies attack the red blood cells, they are broken down and destroyed (hemolysis). This makes the baby anemic. Anemia is dangerous because it limits the ability of the blood to carry oxygen to the baby's organs and tissues. A s a result: * The baby's body responds to the hemolysis by trying to make more red blood cells very quickly in the bone marrow and the liver and spleen. This causes these organs to get bigger.The new red blood cells, called erythroblasts, are often immature and are not able to do the work of mature red blood cells. * As the red blood cells break down, a substance called bilirubin is formed. Babies are not easily able to get rid of the bilirubin and it can build up in the blood and other tissues and fluids of the baby's body. This is called hyperbilirubinemia. Because bilirubin has a pigment or coloring, it causes a yellowing of the baby's skin and tissues. This is called jaundice. Complications of hemolytic disease of the newborn can range from mild to severe.The following are some of the problems that can result: During pregnancy: * Mild anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and jaundice The placenta helps rid some of the bilirubin, but not all. * Severe anemia with enlargement of the liver and spleen   When these organs and the bone marrow cannot compensate for the fast destruction of red blood cells, severe anemia results and other organs are affected. * Hydrops fetalis This occurs as the baby's organs are unable to handle the anemia. The heart begins to fail and large amounts of fluid build up in the baby's tissues and organs.A fetus with hydrops is at great risk of being stillborn. After birth: * Severe hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice The baby's liver is unable to handle the large amount of bilirubin that results from red blood cell breakdown. The baby's liver is enlarged and anemia continues. * Kernicterus Kernicterus is the most severe form of hyperbilirubinemia and results from the buildup of bilirubin in the brain. This can cause seizures, brain damage, deafness, and death. ————————————————- What are the symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn? The following are the most common symptoms of hemolytic disease of the newborn. However, each baby may experience symptoms differently. During pregnancy symptoms may include: * With amniocentesis, the amniotic fluid may have a yellow coloring and contain bilirubin. * Ultrasound of the fetus shows enlarged liver, spleen, or heart and fluid buildup in the fetus's abdomen. After birth, symptoms may include: * A pale coloring may be evident, due to anemia. * Jaundice, or yellow coloring of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, skin, and eyes may be present.The baby may not look yellow immediately after birth, but jaundice can develop quickly, usually within 24 to 36 hours. * The newborn may have an enlarged liver and spleen. * Babies with hydrops fetalis have severe edema (swelling) of the entire body and are extremely pale. They often have difficulty breathing. ————————————————- Ho w is hemolytic disease of the newborn diagnosed? Because anemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and hydrops fetalis can occur with other diseases and conditions, the accurate diagnosis of HDN depends on determining if there is a blood group or blood type incompatibility.Sometimes, the diagnosis can be made during pregnancy based on information from the following tests: * Testing for the presence of Rh positive antibodies in the mother's blood * Ultrasound – to detect organ enlargement or fluid buildup in the fetus. Ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique which uses high-frequency sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. Ultrasound is used to view internal organs as they function, and to assess blood flow through various vessels. * Amniocentesis – to measure the amount of bilirubin in the amniotic fluid.Amniocentesis is a test performed to determine chromosomal and genetic disorders and certain birth defects. The test involves inserti ng a needle through the abdominal and uterine wall into the amniotic sac to retrieve a sample of amniotic fluid. * Sampling of some of the blood from the fetal umbilical cord during pregnancy to check for antibodies, bilirubin, and anemia in the fetus. Once a baby is born, diagnostic tests for HDN may include the following: * Testing of the baby's umbilical cord blood for blood group, Rh factor, red blood cell count, and antibodies * Testing of the baby's blood for bilirubin levels ———————————————— Treatment for hemolytic disease of the newborn Once HDN is diagnosed, treatment may be needed. Specific treatment for hemolytic disease of the newborn will be determined by your baby's physician based on: * Your baby's gestational age, overall health, and medical history * Extent of the disease * Your baby's tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies * Expectat ions for the course of the disease * Your opinion or preference During pregnancy, treatment for HDN may include: Intrauterine blood transfusion of red blood cells into the baby's circulation   This is done by placing a needle through the mother's uterus and into the abdominal cavity of the fetus or directly into the vein in the umbilical cord. It may be necessary to give a sedative medication to keep the baby from moving. Intrauterine transfusions may need to be repeated. * Early delivery if the fetus develops complications If the fetus has mature lungs, labor and delivery may be induced to prevent worsening of HDN. After birth, treatment may include: * Blood transfusions  (for severe anemia) Intravenous fluids  (for low blood pressure) * Help for respiratory distress using oxygen or a mechanical breathing machine * Exchange transfusion to replace the baby's damaged blood with fresh blood   The exchange transfusion helps increase the red blood cell count and lower the levels of bilirubin. An exchange transfusion is done by alternating giving and withdrawing blood in small amounts through a vein or artery. Exchange transfusions may need to be repeated if the bilirubin levels remain high. ————————————————- Prevention of hemolytic disease of the newbornFortunately, HDN is a very preventable disease. Because of the advances in prenatal care, nearly all women with Rh negative blood are identified in early pregnancy by blood testing. If a mother is Rh negative and has not been sensitized, she is usually given a drug called Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg), also known as RhoGAM. This is a specially developed blood product that can prevent an Rh negative mother's antibodies from being able to react to Rh positive cells. Many women are given RhoGAM around the 28th week of pregnancy. After the baby is born, a woman should receive a second dose of the drug with in 72 hours.

Family Is An Definition Of Family - 1791 Words

What is a family? The definition of family can be defined in many different ways. According to Merriam- Webster’s definition of family is, â€Å"A group of people related to each other† (Merriam-Webster 1). Although family can be defined as a relative, it can also mean a group of people who share the qualities of a family, such as caring, loving, and supportive. When playing in a team sport, it is necessary that all of the teammates share a special bond. During the previous volleyball season, the team struggled to find a connection between the players because they had never played together nor were all of them friends outside of volleyball. As the season progressed, the bond between all of the players grew despite some challenges. The team†¦show more content†¦The sister and brother had different views about women in ministry, for she is a minister herself, but what matters most is that they got past their disagreements to work together for a fellow family mem ber. They could have just decided to have one of them plan the wedding if they were unable to come to an agreement, but they got past it. The siblings were able to have a loving relationship through communication, support, and compromise. To add, Some people face similar situations when they are coming out to their family if they are gay or lesbian. In fact, it has been proven better for their health. According to an article titled, â€Å"Coming Out as Gay Can Have Health Benefits If Family is Supportive: Study† describes a recent study done by Boston University School of Public Health about the positive effects of coming out. It reads, â€Å"Two thirds of lesbian, gay and bisexual adults in a representative Massachusetts sample experienced significantly less mental health and substance abuse problems if they received positive support from their parents after coming out† (The Huffington Post 1). Evidently, a supportive family has some life changing effects to their chi ldren and their sexuality because if the family is not supportive, it can cause problems like drugs and suicidal thoughts. Additionally, a family should not only